SPEAKING: Sexual Reproduction in Humans

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUAMNS

v  The Human Male

The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testes where sperm are produced, and the penis. In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity. Having the testes outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive about 2-3 °C less than the normal body temperature i.e. 37°C. If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external pouch viz. scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature, facilitating sperm production.

v  The Human Female

The female reproductive system likewise contains two main divisions: the vagina and uterus, which act as the receptacle for semen, and the ovaries, which produce the female's ova. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the Fallopian tubes. At certain intervals, the ovaries release an ovum, which passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus.

The fertilization of the ovum with the sperm occurs at the ampullary-isthimic junction only that is why not all the intercourses result in pregnancy. The ovum meets with Spermatozoon, a sperm may penetrate and merge with the egg, fertilizing it with the help of certain hydrolytic enzymes present in the acrosome. The fertilization usually occurs in the oviducts, but can happen in the uterus itself. The zygote then becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus, where it begins the processes of embryogenesis and morphogenesis. When the fetus is developed enough to survive outside the womb, the cervix dilates and contractions of the uterus propel it through the birth canal, which is the vagina.

The ova, which are the female sex cells, are much larger than the spermatozoon and are normally formed within the ovaries of the female fetus before its birth. They are mostly fixed in location within the ovary until their transit to the uterus, and contain nutrients for the later zygote and embryo. Over a regular interval, in response to hormonal signals, a process of oogenesis matures one ovum which is released and sent down the Fallopian tube. If not fertilized, this egg is flushed out of the system through menstruation.

                                Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproduction

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

Situation

Zakia, a student of Midwives Academy from Indonesia is attending a crash program in Australia, now talking with Yui, a student from Japan. They have finished the morning session.

Zakia               : did you like the lecture?

Yui                  : Indeed, yes very interesting.

Zainab        : The topic on sexual reproduction in humans, in my country is only       discussed in closed forum. It is rather taboo you know?

Yui                  : Well, in Japan people talk about it just anywhere.

Zakia               : so … what is this sexual reproduction?

Yui                    : it is the formation of a new individual following the union of two gametes in humans and the majority of other cratures plants as well as animals.

Zakia                 : that’s right. They differ in structure and are contribute  by different        parents.

Yui                  : yes, and they need motility to be able to meet and unite

Zakia               : and they need food to nourish the developing embryo.

Yui                    : Oh … look at the watch … it is time for second session … let’s go in!

Zakia               : yes, hurry … we don’t want to miss it!

A.    Answer the question below

1.      What are Zakia and Yui doing in Australia?

2.      What are they?

3.      What is the topic of their talk?

4.      What do you think a taboo in Indonesia?

5.      How is it in japan?

B.     Give proper responses

1.      A: did you enjoy the program?

B:

2.      A: is the lecture interesting?

B:

3.      A: what is the theme?

B:

4.      A: Why were you late?

B:

5.      A: Didn’t you register before?

B:

6.      A: please show me your passport?

B:

C.    Special expression

1.      Very interesting!

2.      Very exciting!

3.      Very amazing!

4.      Very boring!

Make into the sentence

D.    Part of speech: Nouns

Nouns can be classified in two groups:

1.      Count nouns, which can be counted and which can take a/an, s.

For example:

Singular     : a gamet, one gamet, and one egg

Plural         : gametes, two gametes, two egg

Count noun: take n/an or one singular, and usually takes final s/es in the plural, for example;

Man – men,

Foot – feet

Woman – women

Tooth – teeth

Child – children

2.      Non-count nouns which cannot be counted and which usually do not take a/an, s.

For example:

Singular     : information, some information, a lot of information, much information

Non-count nouns: - don’t take a/an in the singular, and don’t generally have plural form. For example;

Food: rice, sugar, milk, bread.

Fluids: blood, water, oil, coffee, tea

Raw materials: wood, paper, glass, iron, silver. etc

 Identify the word below Noun-Count/Non-Count Noun!

 

No	Word	Noun-count/ Non-Count Noun
1	Children
2	Music
3	Bread
4	Fish
5	Silver
6	Scissors
7	Trousers
8	Paper
9	goods
10	Flour

Find Noun-count and Non-count Nouns from the dialog above!